Handbook for Chemical Process Research and Development (2nd Ed.) By Wenyi Zhao

Free download Handbook for Chemical Process Research and Development (2nd edition) authored by Wenyi Zhao in pdf.

According to the 12 principles of green chemistry, a good chemical process shall satisfy the following key elements: low cost, use available raw materials and reagents, simple workup, robustness, high throughput (fast reaction with high concentration), good product purity, and minimal environmental impact.

The scale-up of a chemical process from laboratory to large production scales is by no means a simple linear process. Compared with laboratory-scale reactions, large-scale operations are expected to have an expanded time scale, insufficient mixing, and less-efficient heat transfer, which may potentially lead to runaway reactions.

The key responsibility of process chemists is to develop chemical processes that are feasible for manufacturing pharmaceutical intermediates and final drug substances (active pharmaceutical ingredients–APIs) for support of clinical studies and, eventually, for commercial production.

Based on the first edition, this new edition continues to address the process issues such as safety, solvent selection, various reagent surrogates, product purification, stereochemistry, solid form, environmental impacts, etc.

In addition, this book introduces (a) new reactions, for example, photoredox catalysis for C−C and C−N bond formations, catalytic C−H activations, multicomponent reactions, Grignard regent formation, and its related reactions, (b) new purification techniques to address the challenges in the control of mutagenic impurities, crystallization of low melting solids, and polymorph transformations, (c) design of efficient chemical processes, (d) newly developed reagent surrogates, such as ammonia surrogates, carbon dioxide surrogates, sulfur dioxide surrogates, and cyanide surrogates.

This fully updated second edition reflects the significant changes in process chemistry since the first edition and includes more common process issues such as safety, cost, robustness, and environmental impact. Some areas have made notable progress such as process safety, stereochemistry, new reagents, and reagent surrogates.

Contents

• Reaction Solvent Selection
• Reagent Selection
• Various Reagent Surrogates
• Modes of Reagent Addition: Control of Impurity Formation
• Process Optimization with Additives
• Process Optimization of Catalytic Reactions
• Process Optimization of Problematic Reactions
• Hazards of Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
• Other Hazardous Reactions
• Hazardous Reagents
• Grignard Reagent and Related Reactions
• Challenging Reaction Intermediates
• Protecting Groups
• Telescope Approach
• Design of New Synthetic Route
• Stereochemistry
• Various Quenching Strategies
• Various Isolation and Purification Strategies
• Methods for Residual Metal Removal
• Methods for Impurity Removal
• Pharmaceutical Salts
• Solid Form

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